ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Human serofrequency of antibodies against Taenia solium antigens was determined and risk factors for cysticercosis transmission were identified. METHODS: Individuals (n=878) from periurban and rural locations of Lages, SC, were interviewed to gather demographic, sanitary and health information. Interviews and blood sample collections by finger prick on Whatman filter paper were performed from August 2004 to May 2005. Observation determined that 850 samples were suitable for analysis and were tested by ELISA using vesicular fluid of Taenia crassiceps heterologous antigen. To ensure the reliability of the results, 77 samples of the dried blood were matched with sera. The reactive samples were submitted to a serum confirmatory immunoblot (IB) test using purified Taenia crassiceps glycoproteins. RESULTS: The ELISA results for the dried blood and serum samples were statistically consistent. ELISA was positive in 186 (21.9 percent) out of 850 individuals. A group of 213 individuals were asked to collect vein blood for IB (186 with positive result in ELISA and 27 with inappropriate whole blood samples) and 130 attended the request. The IB was positive in 29 (3.4 percent) out of 850 individuals. A significant correlation (p = 0.0364) was determined among individuals who tested positive in the IB assay who practiced both pig rearing and kitchen gardening. CONCLUSIONS: ELISA with dried blood eluted from filter paper was suitable for cysticercosis population surveys. In Lages, human infection was associated with pig rearing and kitchen gardening. The prevalence index was compatible with other Latin American endemic areas.
INTRODUÇÃO: O primeiro levantamento sobre cisticercose humana e identificação dos fatores de risco associados à transmissão, foram realizados em Lages, SC. MÉTODOS: Oitocentos e setenta e sete voluntários de regiões periurbana e rural foram entrevistados e forneceram informações demográficas e condições sanitárias e de saúde. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas por meio de punção digital em papel filtro entre agosto 2004 e maio 2005. Verificou-se que 850 amostras estavam adequadas para análise. No ELISA, utilizou-se o antígeno heterólogo liquido vesicular de Taenia crassiceps. Para assegurar a confiabilidade dos resultados de ELISA, foram pareadas 77 amostras de soro e sangue eluido do papel filtro. A confirmação do diagnóstico sorológico foi feita por immunoblot (IB) com glicoproteínas purificadas de Taenia crassiceps. RESULTADOS: A reatividade de IgG eluída de sangue em papel filtro mostrou-se compatível com a dos soros correspondentes. A triagem por ELISA de 850 indivíduos revelou 186 (21,9 por cento) positivos. De 213 pessoas convidadas a colher soro para IB (186 ELISA positivo e 27 com amostras de sangue total inadequadas), compareceram 130. O IB foi positivo em 29 (3,4 por cento) de 850 amostras. Houve correlação significativa entre IB positivo e a prática de criação de suínos e de horta caseira (p = 0,0364). CONCLUSÕES: ELISA com sangue total em papel filtro mostrou-se adequado para inquéritos populacionais para cisticercose. A transmissão da cisticercose humana na área estudada mostrou correlação com criação suína domestica e horta caseira. A prevalência obtida foi semelhante à relatada em áreas endêmicas da América Latina.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Cysticercosis/epidemiology , Taenia/immunology , Blood Specimen Collection/instrumentation , Brazil/epidemiology , Cysticercosis/diagnosis , Cysticercosis/parasitology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Epidemiologic Methods , Immunoblotting , Paper , Rural Population , Socioeconomic Factors , Swine , Taenia/classificationABSTRACT
Seven swine were experimentally infected with Taenia solium eggs and blood samples from each animal were periodically collected. At the end of the experiment (t140) the animals did not show clinical aspects of cysticercosis or parasites in tongue inspection. All animals were slaughtered and cut into thin slices in searching for cysts. The number of cysts found in each animal varied from 1 to 85. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests for antibody (Ab) detection and for antigen (Ag) detection were performed, which presented respectively 71 and 57 percent of positivity. By immunoblot (IB), using 18/14(T. crassiceps Ag) or lentil-lectin-purified glycoproteins from T. solium Ag (LLGP) as Ag, five (71 percent) and six (86 percent) animals were positive, respectively. The association between Ag-ELISA with any IB (18/14 or LLGP) allowed the detection of all animals at 140 days post-experimental infection (days p.e.i.). The use of IB 18/14 combined to the Ag-ELISA allowed the detection of all animals since 70 days p.e.i., and the association between IB LLGP and Ag-ELISA allowed the detection of all animals since 112 days p.e.i. While all animals could be considered healthy by conventional screening tests, the use of immunoassays for detecting Ab and Ag showed better accuracy; therefore it would be more useful than usual clinical examination for screening cysticercosis in slightly infected pigs.
Subject(s)
Animals , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Antigens, Helminth/blood , Cysticercosis/veterinary , Swine Diseases/diagnosis , Taenia solium/isolation & purification , Cysticercosis/diagnosis , Cysticercosis/immunology , Cysticercosis/parasitology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Immunoblotting , Reproducibility of Results , Sensitivity and Specificity , Swine , Swine Diseases/immunology , Swine Diseases/parasitology , Taenia solium/immunologyABSTRACT
In order to evaluate the taeniosis-cysticercosis complex in a population of a peasants' settlement, located at Teodoro Sampaio, state of São Paulo, Brazil (longitude 52º 36'12 ", latitude 22º 17'12 ") a series of laboratory markers were determined. After signing an informed consent, participants answered a standardized questionnaire. To determine anti-Taenia solium cysticercus antibodies, the samples were tested by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay using 18-and 14-kDa antigen proteins from vesicular fluid of Taenia crassiceps (VF-Tcra). The reactive and inconclusive ELISA samples were tested by immunoblotting. Total IgE levels were determined by chemmiluminescence's assay and hemogram by flow cytometer flux counter. A total of 84 individuals, 5.9 percent presented anti-T. solium cysticercus antibodies in ELISA and 3.6 percent were strongly reactive in the 18/14 kDa immunoblotting confirmatory test. All of the individuals with positive antibodies showed elevated Total IgE levels. We conclude that the frequency of anti-T. solium cysticercus antibodies in this population is higher than other regions considered endemic in São Paulo. Thus, it is important to carry out surveys in Peasants' settlement areas with the objective of establishing public health measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases such as taeniosis-cysticercosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Antibodies, Helminth/blood , Cysticercosis/diagnosis , Immunoglobulin E/blood , Taeniasis/diagnosis , Brazil/epidemiology , Cysticercosis/epidemiology , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Feces/parasitology , Immunoblotting , Luminescent Measurements , Taeniasis/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Larvas de Taenia crassiceps foram cultivadas in vitro por 144 h e deram origem a dois ®pools¼ de antígenos de secreção e excreção (ES) nas 24 h (ES24) e 48 h (ES48), caracterizados como frações <30 kDa, que foram utilizados para a detecção de anticorpos em amostras de pacientes com neurocisticercose (NC) e em soro imune de coelho imunizados com antígenos de Taenia crassiceps (Tcra) e taenia solium (Tso) com reatividade com os peptídeos 30, 18 e 14-12 kDa. O ES48, pela sua maior reatividade com anticorpos anti-Tso, e os antígenos líquido vesicular de Tcra (LV-Tcra), líquido vesicular (LV-Tso), total (T-Tso) e de escólex (E-Tso) de Tso foram utilizados na produção de anticorpos monoclonais (AcMo)...